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Search term: henan
Alternate spelling: henna
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- Henan is a consistent epidemic strain
- Henan is a detected rt pcr assay
- Henan is a grouped chinese clade
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X59 Different City Zhumadian Zhoukou Nanyang Henan (e.g., break 60 diarrhea disease -> Corona: SADS-CoV mainly infected newborn pigs which are 59 less than five days of age, and the mortality rate was 90% [16]. 60 During June of 2017, March of 2018 and January of 2019, 3 swine farms in 61 different cities (Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang) of Henan Province, China, broke out 62 diarrhea diseases in different ages of pigs with high mortality in suckling piglets.).
Henan Strain (e.g., clustered chinese clade -> Corona: In addition, the phylogenetic tree based on S and N genes suggested that Henan strains were still clustered into Chinese clade.).
Sequenced Henan Pdcov Strain (e.g., clustered deltacoronaviruse group -> Corona: The results showed that the sequenced Henan PDCoV strains were clustered into the deltacoronavirus group, forming a branch with other ten swineorigin PDCoV strains, which was distinct from the bird-origin deltacoronaviruses (Fig. 3A).).
Pedv (e.g., common henan diarrheal pig -> Corona: Our detection also found that co-infections of PDCoV with PEDV were common in Henan diarrheal pigs and 61 of 101 (60.40%) PDCoV positive samples were proved to be positive for PEDV., common henan diarrhoeic pig -> Corona: Our detection also found that coinfections of PDCoV with PEDV were common in Henan diarrhoeic pigs. 61 out of 101 PDCoV positive samples were proved to exist PEDV, with the positive proportion of 60.40%.).
Phylogenetic Tree (e.g., constructed full length pdcov gene sequenced henan strain -> Corona: As shown in Fig. 4, phylogenetic trees were also constructed using the full-length PDCoV S and N genes of the sequenced Henan strains and other reference PDCoV strains.).
Henan Pig (e.g., evolve latest epidemic strain -> Corona: Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that the sequenced strains from Henan pigs were closely related to Chinese strains and might evolve from the latest epidemic strains in China., 430 -> Corona: RT-PCR detection of 430 porcine diarrhea samples collected from April 2015 to March 2018 revealed that the total positive rate of PDCoV infection in Henan pigs was 23.49%.).
Ipec J2 Cell Line (e.g., gifted zhanyong wei henan agricultural university -> Corona: IPEC-J2 cell line was gifted from Zhanyong Wei (Henan Agricultural University, CHN).).
Henan Province (e.g., insight -> Corona: In the present study, we investigated the PDCoV prevalence in the diarrheal pigs in di?erent regions and analyzed the full-length genome sequence properties of PDCoV strains in Henan province, which might provide more insight about the pigs diarrhea outbreaks in China., pdcov strain -> Corona: It showed 187 that the three strains of PDCoV clustered in same group, and had close relationship 188 with other PDCoV strains isolated in China, which indicated that the PDCoV 189 prevalence in Henan province was consistently with other PDCoV strains in China. 190 3.3 Pathological lesion of PDCoV-infected piglets 191 Nine piglets (three piglets were chosen in each farm) that positive for PDCoV 192 were euthanized for macroscopic examination., region china -> Corona: Henan province is a major pig-raising region in China., 2018 42 -> Corona: According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the number of pigs in stock in the ?rst half year of 2018 in Henan province was about 42 million with the percentage of 10.2% in the whole stock pigs in China.).
Animal Care Committee Henan Agricultural University (e.g., performed -> Corona: The research protocol for animal experiments of live pigs in this study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Henan Agricultural University (Zhengzhou, China) and was performed in accordance with the Guidelines for Experimental Animals of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). 2.2.).
White Feather Broiler Hyline Layer Chicken Embryo (e.g., purchased henan yue poultry farm henan -> Corona: The White-feather Broiler and Hyline Layer chicken embryos were purchased from Henan Yue Poultry Farm (Henan, China).).
Henan Agricultural University (e.g., received sample 74 swine -> Corona: Materials and methods 74 2.1 Clinical sample collection 75 From June of 2017 to January of 2019, the Key Laboratory for Animal-derived 76 Food Safety in Henan Agricultural University received clinical samples from 3 swine 77 farms that suffered from diarrhea disease among the farms, with high mortality rate in 78 suckling piglets.).
Pdcov Henan Strain (e.g., related pdcov chjxni2 ch sxd1 2015 strain -> Corona: Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis showed PDCoV CH-01 strain was closely related to CHN-HB-2014 strain and HKU15-44 strain, while the other PDCoV Henan strains were more related to PDCoV CHJXNI2 and CH-SXD1-2015 strains, indicating that the ancestor of these sequenced strains may di?erent., related pdcov reference strain -> Corona: Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome, spike and nucleocapsid gene sequences revealed that the PDCoV Henan strains were closely related to other PDCoV reference strains that located in the Chinese clade.).
Molecular Epidemiology Pdcov (e.g., reported henan province -> Corona: However, little regarding the molecular epidemiology of PDCoV has been reported in Henan province, a major pigraising region of China.).
Henan Diarrheal Pig (e.g., similar independent report -> Corona: In our study, we found that the PDCoV prevalence in Henan diarrheal pigs was high, which is similar to the other independent reports from the China (Song et al., 2015; Mai et al., 2018).).
Henan Qixiang Biological Technology (e.g., sterilized feed water -> Corona: The chicken embryos were hatched in our lab. All the chickens were reared in animal isolators in Henan Qixiang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, and provided with sterilized feed and water.).
Henan Shaanxi Province (e.g., swine enteric coronavirus -> Corona: The results demonstrated that the samples from Henan and Shaanxi provinces were swine enteric coronavirus negative while the Gansu province suffered a high prevalence of coronaviruses, showing 83.9% (26/31) TGEV, 48.4% (15/ 31) PDCoV, and 38.7% (12/31) PEDV positive (Table 4).).
Henan Province China (e.g., 43 -> Corona: The prevalence 43 of PDCoV in Henan province of China was about 23.49%, and up to 36.43% in 44 suckling piglets [14, 15].).).
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Corona: Altogether, the phylogenetic data indicated that these sequenced strains of PDCoV in Henan were consistent with epidemic strains in China and might evolve from di?erent origins. 4.
Henan isa consistent epidemic strain.
Derived fact.
Henan_isa_consistent_epidemic_strainCorona: In conclusion, diarrheal samples collected from the pigs in Henan were detected using rt-pcr assay and evaluated for the prevalence of PDCoV in the diarrheal pigs.
Henan isa detected rt pcr assay.
Derived fact.
Henan_isa_detected_pcr_assayCorona: Further phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genomes of PDCoV indicated that PDCoV CH-01 strain isolated in Henan was grouped within the chinese clade and closely related to CHN-HB-2014 strain (KP757891) and HKU15-44 strain (JQ065042). (Fig. 3B).
Henan isa grouped chinese clade.
Derived fact.
Henan_isa_grouped_chinese_cladeCorona: SADS-CoV mainly infected newborn pigs which are 59 less than five days of age, and the mortality rate was 90% [16]. 60 During June of 2017, March of 2018 and January of 2019, 3 swine farms in 61 different cities (zhumadian, zhoukou, nanyang) of henan Province, China, broke out 62 diarrhea diseases in different ages of pigs with high mortality in suckling piglets.
X59 different city zhumadian zhoukou nanyang henan isa break 60 diarrhea disease.
Derived fact.
X59_city_zhumadian_zhoukou_nanyang_henan_isa_break_diarrhea_diseaseCorona: In addition, the phylogenetic tree based on S and N genes suggested that Henan strains were still clustered into chinese clade.
Henan strain isa clustered chinese clade.
Derived fact.
Henan_strain_isa_clustered_chinese_cladeCorona: The results showed that the Sequenced henan pdcov strains were clustered into the deltacoronavirus group, forming a branch with other ten swineorigin pdcov strains, which was distinct from the bird-origin deltacoronaviruses (Fig. 3A).
Sequenced henan pdcov strain isa clustered deltacoronaviruse group.
Derived fact.
Sequenced_henan_pdcov_strain_isa_clustered_deltacoronaviruse_groupCorona: Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete genome showed that the Henan pdcov strains were clustered into the porcine deltacoronavirus group and located in the Chinese clade.
Henan pdcov strain isa clustered porcine deltacoronavirus group.
Derived fact.
Henan_pdcov_strain_isa_clustered_porcine_deltacoronavirus_groupCorona: Our detection also found that co-infections of PDCoV with Pedv were common in henan diarrheal pigs and 61 of 101 (60.40%) PDCoV positive samples were proved to be positive for Pedv.
Pedv isa common henan diarrheal pig.
Derived fact.
Pedv_isa_common_henan_diarrheal_pigCorona: Our detection also found that coinfections of PDCoV with Pedv were common in henan diarrhoeic pigs. 61 out of 101 PDCoV positive samples were proved to exist Pedv, with the positive proportion of 60.40%.
Pedv isa common henan diarrhoeic pig.
Derived fact.
Pedv_isa_common_henan_diarrhoeic_pigCorona: As shown in Fig. 4, Phylogenetic trees were also constructed using the full-length pdcov S and N genes of the sequenced henan strains and other reference pdcov strains.
Phylogenetic tree isa constructed full length pdcov gene sequenced henan strain.
Derived fact.
Phylogenetic_tree_isa_constructed_full_length_pdcov_gene_sequenced_henan_strainCorona: Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that the sequenced strains from Henan pigs were closely related to Chinese strains and might evolve from the latest epidemic strains in China.
Henan pig isa evolve latest epidemic strain.
Derived fact.
Henan_pig_isa_evolve_latest_epidemic_strainCorona: Ipec-j2 cell line was gifted from zhanyong wei (henan agricultural university, CHN).
Ipec j2 cell line isa gifted zhanyong wei henan agricultural university.
Derived fact.
Ipec_cell_line_isa_gifted_zhanyong_wei_henan_agricultural_universityCorona: In the present study, we investigated the PDCoV prevalence in the diarrheal pigs in di?erent regions and analyzed the full-length genome sequence properties of PDCoV strains in Henan province, which might provide more insight about the pigs diarrhea outbreaks in China.
Henan province isa insight.
Derived fact.
Henan_province_isa_insightCorona: However, in this 256 study, one swine farm outbroke PDCoV in June, which is a very hot month in henan 257 province of china, indicating that we need to continue monitoring the prevalence of 258 PDCoV in all the seasons. 259 In conclusion, we found that field infection of PDCoV can lead to diarrhea, 260 wasting and other clinical symptoms not only in sucking piglets and weaned pigs, but 261 also in fattening pigs and sows in both cold and warm months, which indicated that 262 PDCoV could infect various ages of farmed pigs with watery diarrhea. 263 264 Sources of Funding 265 This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of china [grant numbers 266 2016YFD0500102], and the National Natural Science Foundation of china [grant 267 numbers U1704231, 31772773]. 268 269 Acknowledgments 270 We are grateful to all other staffs of the Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food 271 Safety of henan province, Zhengzhou, henan. 272 Author contribution 273 Zhanyong Wei designed and funded the study, Bingxiao Li and Lanlan Zheng 274 performed the experiments and analyzed the results, Lanlan Zheng and Bingxiao Li 275 drafted the manuscript, and Haiyan Li, Qingwen Ding and Yabin Wang participated 276 in correcting the manuscript.
June isa month henan 256 province china.
Derived fact.
June_isa_month_henan_256_province_chinaCorona: It showed 187 that the three strains of pdcov clustered in same group, and had close relationship 188 with other pdcov strains isolated in China, which indicated that the pdcov 189 prevalence in Henan province was consistently with other pdcov strains in China. 190 3.3 Pathological lesion of pdcov-infected piglets 191 Nine piglets (three piglets were chosen in each farm) that positive for pdcov 192 were euthanized for macroscopic examination.
Henan province isa pdcov strain.
Derived fact.
Henan_province_isa_pdcov_strainCorona: The research protocol for Animal experiments of live pigs in this study was approved by the Animal care and Use committee of henan agricultural university (Zhengzhou, China) and was performed in accordance with the Guidelines for Experimental Animals of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). 2.2.
Animal care committee henan agricultural university isa performed.
Derived fact.
Animal_care_committee_henan_agricultural_university_isa_performedCorona: The White-feather broiler and hyline layer chicken embryos were purchased from henan yue poultry farm (henan, China).
White feather broiler hyline layer chicken embryo isa purchased henan yue poultry farm henan.
Derived fact.
White_feather_broiler_hyline_layer_chicken_embryo_isa_purchased_henan_yue_poultry_farmCorona: Materials and methods 74 2.1 Clinical sample collection 75 From June of 2017 to January of 2019, the Key Laboratory for Animal-derived 76 Food Safety in Henan agricultural university received clinical samples from 3 swine 77 farms that suffered from diarrhea disease among the farms, with high mortality rate in 78 suckling piglets.
Henan agricultural university isa received sample 74 swine.
Derived fact.
Henan_agricultural_university_isa_received_sample_swineCorona: Henan province is a major pig-raising region in china.
Henan province isa region china.
Derived fact.
Henan_province_isa_region_chinaCorona: Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis showed pdcov ch-01 strain was closely related to chN-HB-2014 strain and HKU15-44 strain, while the other pdcov henan strains were more related to pdcov chjxni2 and ch-sxd1-2015 strains, indicating that the ancestor of these sequenced strains may di?erent.
Pdcov henan strain isa related pdcov chjxni2 ch sxd1 2015 strain.
Derived fact.
Pdcov_henan_strain_isa_related_pdcov_chjxni2_sxd1_2015Corona: Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome, spike and nucleocapsid gene sequences revealed that the pdcov henan strains were closely related to other pdcov reference strains that located in the Chinese clade.
Pdcov henan strain isa related pdcov reference strain.
Derived fact.
Pdcov_henan_strain_isa_related_pdcov_referenceCorona: However, little regarding the Molecular epidemiology of pdcov has been reported in henan province, a major pigraising region of China.
Molecular epidemiology pdcov isa reported henan province.
Derived fact.
Molecular_epidemiology_pdcov_isa_reported_henan_provinceCorona: Complete genome sequence analysis Four Representative pdcov henan strains were selected from four di?erent pig farms that the pigs had severe diarrhea at di?erent times to sequence the complete genome by the Sanger method.
Representative pdcov henan strain isa selected di erent pig farm.
Derived fact.
Representative_pdcov_henan_strain_isa_selected_erent_pig_farmCorona: In our study, we found that the PDCoV prevalence in Henan diarrheal pigs was high, which is similar to the other independent reports from the China (Song et al., 2015; Mai et al., 2018).
Henan diarrheal pig isa similar independent report.
Derived fact.
Henan_diarrheal_pig_isa_similar_independent_reportCorona: The chicken embryos were hatched in our lab. All the chickens were reared in animal isolators in Henan qixiang biological technology Co., Ltd, and provided with sterilized feed and water.
Henan qixiang biological technology isa sterilized feed water.
Derived fact.
Henan_qixiang_biological_technology_isa_sterilized_feed_waterCorona: The results demonstrated that the samples from Henan and shaanxi provinces were swine enteric coronavirus negative while the Gansu province suffered a high prevalence of coronaviruses, showing 83.9% (26/31) TGEV, 48.4% (15/ 31) PDCoV, and 38.7% (12/31) PEDV positive (Table 4).
Henan shaanxi province isa swine enteric coronavirus.
Derived fact.
Henan_shaanxi_province_isa_swine_enteric_coronavirusCorona: According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the number of pigs in stock in the ?rst half year of 2018 in Henan province was about 42 million with the percentage of 10.2% in the whole stock pigs in China.
Henan province isa 2018 42.
Derived fact.
Henan_province_isa_2018Corona: The prevalence 43 of PDCoV in Henan province of china was about 23.49%, and up to 36.43% in 44 suckling piglets [14, 15].
Henan province china isa 43.
Derived fact.
Henan_province_china_isaCorona: RT-PCR detection of 430 porcine diarrhea samples collected from April 2015 to March 2018 revealed that the total positive rate of PDCoV infection in Henan pigs was 23.49%.
Henan pig isa 430.
Derived fact.
Henan_pig_isa_430